پژوهش نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و اقتصادی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1396)

The family institution in Iran has undergone significant changes during the last century. One of the most important times in creating change in the Iranian family was the two decades of Pahlavi rule, When the efforts of the leaders of the government in the direction of fundamental socio-economic reforms in the Iranian society, In the framework of the modernization program, changed the Iranian society and its constituent elements, Including family institution. the economic function of the family was one of these dimensions of the family, which was likely to be affected by the modernization program. Therefore, in this study, while using quantitative data, In reference to the trend of change the urban community of Iran and the economic functioning of the family in urban areas during the two decades, based on several indicators, but it has been tried with the historical method, to be explained How to influence the second Pahlavi regime's efforts to modernize in Iran On the Change in the Economic Function of the Family. To investigate this issue used from descriptive-analytical method based on both types of data, both quantitative and qualitative, in addition, Methods and Tools for the Data collection was the Library and Documentary study that was conducted by taking notes and Calculation of the Statistics and raw data. The findings implies The economic function of the family was experiencing a downward trend, as the modernization and development in the urban community of Iran continued to grow.

Medicine flourished by translating Greek books in Iran, the early centuries of Islam, so that it is regarded as one of the important eras of medical history. Another milestone in the evolution of medical science happened during the reign of the Qajar. In fact, since the reign of Naseroddin Shah modern medicine developed through the establishment of Polytechnic institution and hiring foreign teachers and publishing medical books and newspapers addressing health care issues. Also some Physicians came to Iran with the Christian religious Americans, English, Russian and German boards. The doctors, unlike other foreign doctors were not exclusive to the court. That is why a lot of people were referred to hospitals for treatment of their diseases. Iranian physicians in this period were divided into three categories. Some of them had mastered old texts, such as books of Ibn Sina. And some physicians had gone abroad or learned lessons of European Doctors of Polytechnic institution. Some, like barbers and the tonsorial and old ladies had the experimental techniques in the field of medicine. This study seeks to describe and analyze the place of medicine in the reign of Naseroddin Shah using documents and resources.

The devotional cisterns as a facility for all and necessary for the city, according to their position in the urban context and position of influence in the culture and daily life, excluding storage and supply of safe and fresh drinking water had other functions, as well. Beliefs which were rooted in iranian and Islamic culture were affected in that monuments and everyday interactions by their clients. Base on the above, the question of the study is that in addition to providing drinking water, what were the other functions of endowment cisterns of Tehran? This research has studied documents, libraries, interviews and direct observations, the way cross descriptive and analytic to find the ancillary functions of devotional cisterns in Tehran Qajar era. Results of this study suggest that the functions were cultural, social and economic attitudes and have a direct relationship with beliefs and lifestyle. At the same time, sometimes these buildings had some functions that were not consistent with the intent of the donor and the norms of society.

In spite of Abstinence of Sufism and Sufis from The World and Worldly Affairs, the Necessity of Livelihood Supplies of Sufis and also Necessary Supplies of Khanqah as the Most Important Intuition of Sufism, Led Sufis to Fund from the Various Ways. The Present Study With Emphasis on the Historical Grounds, Will Survey the Various Types of Sufi Incomes and Expenses. The Result of Our Study Show That although in Early Period of Sufism, Individual Sufis Won Money and Gifts By Their Selves, the establishment of Khanqah in Formative Period, Especially 5th – 7th Centuries A.H, Should Be Assumed As the Establishment of an Financial Institution for Income Absortation and Organization and Of Course of Supplying the Necessary Expenses and Costs of Khanqah and Sufis.

Medicine in relation to human health in history always have been respect Scholars, and in this regard has changed. Landmark development of this science in Iran is Qajar period. This study focused on the socio-cultural factors in response to a written question: whether the socio-cultural factors are role in the spread of modern medicine in Qajar period? The assumption was that the socio-cultural factors have contributed to the spread of modern medicine. To prove this hypothesis using library and documentary based approach descriptive - analytical combination of factors such as the belief in the superiority of western modern education, thinking through the superiority of modern medicine, tolerance in some socio-cultural issues in addition to the factors like keep up with the joneses in refer to foreign doctors, to flaunt wealth and power were reviewed. The results confirmed the hypothesis and showed each of socio-cultural factors were effective together and the size of its force.